목차
Ⅰ. 리눅스 사용자 관리 복습 및 파일 구조
1. 리눅스 기초 사용자 복습
2. 파일 구조
Ⅱ. CISCO LAN 환경 네트워크 구축
1. VLAN 설정 변경
2. Trunk 구성
3. VLAN Routing
Ⅰ. 리눅스 사용자 관리 복습 및 파일 구조
1. 리눅스 기초 사용자 복습
가. groupadd / useradd 복습
- 유저 생성 시에는 -g 옵션으로 그룹을 추가하면서 생성해야 함
- 일반 기업에서는 사용자를 하나의 UID로 관리하고 그룹은 기업의 부서에 맞게 할당하여 계정 관리
### 명령어 사용 알아두기 ###
- 명령어 사용 시에는 옵션을 묶어서 사용하는 습관이 필요
ex)
# cp -arpf
# tar cvfz
# tar xvfz
나. usermod
# usermod [ 옵션 ] [ 사용자_명 ]
< 옵션 >
● -g // 그룹 변경
● -G // 보조 그룹 변경
-a 와 함께 사용되면 보조그룹이 추가됨
● -s // 셸 변경
● -u // UID 변경
● -l // 계정 변경(--login)
-d, -m 도 같이 사용됨
● -d // 홈 디렉터리 변경(--home)
-m : 지정한 홈 디렉터리 생성 및 파일 이전, -d와 함께 쓰임(--move-home)
2. 파일 구조
가. 퍼미션 종류
- r : read
- w : write
- x : execute
### 참고 ###
- 퍼미션의 문자 하나당 1 bit 이므로 총 9 bit로 구성됨
- 자주 사용되는 퍼미션
● 7
● 6
● 5
● 4
나. 퍼미션 관련 명령
- 퍼미션 수정 명령 1
# chmod [ 옵션 ] [ 퍼미션 ] [ 파일 ]
< 옵션 >
● -R // 디렉터리인 경우 하위 디렉터리와 파일까지 수정
- 퍼미션 수정 명령 2
# chmod -R 755 ./a/
# chmod o+x,g-x a.txt
# chmod g+wx,o-w,o+x a.txt
# chmod a+rwx,g=w a.txt
다. SET UID / SET GID / Sticky bit
- 추가된 퍼미션으로 실행 및 삭제 권한을 보완함
Ⅱ. CISCO LAN 환경 네트워크 구축
1. VLAN 설정 변경
가. 네트워크 구성 개요
나. 각 스위치 설정
< SW1 설정 >
SW1>en
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int gig0/1
SW1(config-if)#sw ac vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#sw mode access
SW1(config-if)#do show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/2
10 vlan10 active Fa0/2, Gig0/1
20 vlan20 active Fa0/3
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
--More--
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on GigabitEthernet0/1 (10), with SW2 GigabitEthernet0/1 (1).
SW1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#int gig0/2
SW1(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20
SW1(config-if)#sw mode access
SW1(config-if)#do show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
Fa0/23, Fa0/24
10 vlan10 active Fa0/2, Gig0/1
20 vlan20 active Fa0/3, Gig0/2
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
SW1(config-if)#^Z
SW1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW1#write
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on GigabitEthernet0/2 (20), with SW2 GigabitEthernet0/2 (1).
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW1#
SW1#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW1#
< SW2 설정 >
SW2>en
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int gig0/1
SW2(config-if)#sw ac vlan 10
SW2(config-if)#sw mode access
SW2(config-if)#do show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/2
10 vlan10 active Fa0/2, Gig0/1
20 vlan20 active Fa0/3
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
SW2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on GigabitEthernet0/2 (1), with SW1 GigabitEthernet0/2 (20).
SW2(config-if)#
SW2(config-if)#^Z
SW2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int gig0/2
SW2(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20
SW2(config-if)#sw mode access
SW2(config-if)#do show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
Fa0/23, Fa0/24
10 vlan10 active Fa0/2, Gig0/1
20 vlan20 active Fa0/3, Gig0/2
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
SW2(config-if)#^Z
SW2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#
SW2#
SW2#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW2#
2. Trunk 구성
가. 네트워크 구성 개요
나. 각 스위치 설정
< SW1 설정 >
SW1>en
SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int gig0/1
SW1(config-if)#no switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
SW1(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on GigabitEthernet0/1 (1), with SW2 GigabitEthernet0/1 (10).
SW1(config-if)#do show int trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 on 802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 1,10,20
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 none
SW1(config-if)#^Z
SW1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW1#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW1#
%CDP-4-NATIVE_VLAN_MISMATCH: Native VLAN mismatch discovered on GigabitEthernet0/1 (1), with SW2 GigabitEthernet0/1 (10).
< SW2 설정 >
SW2>
SW2>en
SW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
SW2(config)#int gig0/1
SW2(config-if)#no switchport mode access
SW2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
SW2(config-if)#no switchport access vlan
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to
SW2(config-if)#
SW2(config-if)#no switchport access vlan10
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW2(config-if)#do show int trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 on 802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 1,10,20
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 none
SW2(config-if)#^Z
SW2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
SW2#
다. 결과
3. VLAN Routing
가. 네트워크 구성 개요
나. 라우터 및 스위치 설정
/* 스위치 설정 */
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S1
S1(config)#exit
S1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S1#no ip domain-lookup
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
S1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
S1(config)#no ip domain-lookup
S1(config)#exit
S1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
S1(config)#vlan 10
S1(config-vlan)#name vlan10
S1(config-vlan)#exit
S1(config)#vlan 20
S1(config-vlan)#name vlan20
S1(config-vlan)#do show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10 vlan10 active
20 vlan20 active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
S1(config-vlan)#interface range fa0/10-14
S1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
S1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
S1(config-if-range)#exit
S1(config)#int range fa0/20-24
S1(config-if-range)#sw ac vlan 20
S1(config-if-range)#sw mode access
S1(config-if-range)#do show vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10 vlan10 active Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
Fa0/14
20 vlan20 active Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23
Fa0/24
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
S1(config-if-range)#^Z
S1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S1#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
S1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up
/* 라우터 설정 */
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int 0/0
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
R1(config)#int g0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int g0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no sh
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#do show ip int brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/1 2.2.2.1 YES manual up up
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#
R1#write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
R1#
다. 결과
/* 1.1.1.3 PC에서 2.2.2.3 PC로 ping이 잘 가는 것을 확인 */
Pinging 2.2.2.3 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 2.2.2.3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Reply from 2.2.2.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 2.2.2.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Ping statistics for 2.2.2.3:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>
끝.
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